Erasmus School of Economics

Modern Multidimensional Scaling

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laatste wijziging: 7-3-2007

Data sets for Chapter 4

  1. Similarities of colors
  2. Scales for Facial Expressions
  3. Facial Expressions
  4. Kinship Terms External Scales
  5. Kinship Terms
  6. Confusion of Letters
  7. Asymmetric Morse Code Confusions
  8. Symmetric Morse Code Confusions
  9. Scales for Nations

1. Similarities of colors

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Similarities of colors

Source: Ekman (1954)

Description: Similarities of colors with wavelengths from 434 to
674 nm. The colors are (in nm):

434
445
465
472
490
504
537
555
584
600
610
628
651
674

2. Scales for Facial Expressions

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Scales for Facial Expressions

Source: Engen et al. (1958)

Description: Scale values on three scales for faces of a woman acting different
scenes. Values are medians on 9-point scales. The meanings of the three scales are:

PU: pleasant-unpleasant
AR: attention-rejection
TS: tension-sleep

The facial expressions are:

1 Grief at death of mother
2 Savoring a coke
3 Very pleasant surprise
4 Maternal love-baby in arms
5 Physical exhaustion
6 Something wrong with plane
7 Anger at seeing dog beaten
8 Pulling hard on seat of chair
9 Unexpectedly meets old boy friend
10 Revulsion
11 Extreme pain
12 Knows plane will crash
13 Light sleep

3. Facial Expressions

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Facial Expressions

Source: Abelson and Sermat (1962)

Description:
Dissimilarities of facial expressions for 13 situations.
Abelson and Sermat (1962) asked 30 students to rate each pair of the 13
pictures with facial expressions acted by a woman on a 9-point scale with
respect to overall dissimilarity. Dissimilarity was defined as 'a
difference in emotional expression or content'. For each subject, 78
proximities resulted, which were then rescaled over individuals by the
method of successive intervals (Diederich et al., 1957). The means of
these intervals were taken as the proximity data. The facial expressions are:

1 Grief at death of mother
2 Savoring a coke
3 Very pleasant surprise
4 Maternal love-baby in arms
5 Physical exhaustion
6 Something wrong with plane
7 Anger at seeing dog beaten
8 Pulling hard on seat of chair
9 Unexpectedly meets old boy friend
10 Revulsion
11 Extreme pain
12 Knows plane will crash
13 Light sleep

4. Kinship Terms External Scales

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Kinship Terms External Scales

Source: Rosenberg and Kim (1975)

Description: Three external scales that can be derived from 15 kinship terms.
The scales are:

- Gender (1 = male,
2 = female,
9 = missing),
- Generation (-2 = two back,
-1 = one back,
0 = same generation,
1 = one ahead,
2 = two ahead,)
- Degree (1 = first,
2 = second,
etc.).

5. Kinship Terms

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Kinship Terms

Source: Rosenberg and Kim (1975)

Description: The table gives the percentages of how often 15
kinship terms were not grouped together by college students. The
kinship terms are:

1 Aunt
2 Brother
3 Cousin
4 Daughter
5 Father
6 Granddaughter
7 Grandfather
8 Grandmother
9 Grandson
10 Mother
11 Nephew
12 Niece
13 Sister
14 Son
15 Uncle

6. Confusion of Letters

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Confusion of Letters

Source: Wolford and Hollingsworth (1974)

Description: This confusion matrix shows the frequency with which
a stimulus letters shown for some miliseconds only is confused
with another letter. The letters are:

C
D
G
H
M
N
Q
W

7. Asymmetric Morse Code Confusions

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Asymmetric Morse Code Confusions

Source: Rothkopf (1957)

Description:
Confusion percentages between Morse code signals. The scores are
confusion rates on 36 Morse code signals (26 for the alphabet; 10
for the numbers 0,...,9). Each Morse code signal is a sequence of
up to five 'beeps'. he beeps can be short (0.05 sec) or long
(0.15 sec), and, when there are two or more beeps in a signal,
they are separated by periods of silence (0.05 sec).

Rothkopf asked 598 subjects to judge whether two signals,
presented acoustically one after another, were the same or not.
The values are the percentages with which the answer 'Same!' was
given in each combination of row stimulus i and column stimulus
j, where i was the first and j the second signal presented. These
data are similarities and the table is asymetric with nonzero
diagonal values.


The morse codes are:

A .-
B -...
C -.-.
D -..
E .
F ..-.
G --.
H ....
I ..
J .---
K -.-
L .-..
M --
N -.
O ---
P .--.
Q --.-
R .-.
S ...
T -
U ..-
V ...-
W .--
X -..-
Y -.--
Z --..
1 .----
2 ..---
3 ...--
4 ....-
5 .....
6 -....
7 --...
8 ---..
9 ----.
0 -----

8. Symmetric Morse Code Confusions

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Symmetric Morse Code Confusions

Source: Rothkopf (1957)

Description:
Confusion percentages between Morse code signals. The scores are
confusion rates on 36 Morse code signals (26 for the alphabet; 10
for the numbers 0,...,9). Each Morse code signal is a sequence of
up to five 'beeps'. The beeps can be short (0.05 sec) or long
(0.15 sec), and, when there are two or more beeps in a signal,
they are separated by periods of silence (0.05 sec).

Rothkopf asked 598 subjects to judge whether two signals,
presented acoustically one after another, were the same or not.
The values are the average percentages with which the answer 'Same!' was
given in each combination of row stimulus i and column stimulus
j, where either i or j was the first signal presented. These
data are similarities and the table is symmetric with zero
diagonal values.


The morse codes are:

A .-
B -...
C -.-.
D -..
E .
F ..-.
G --.
H ....
I ..
J .---
K -.-
L .-..
M --
N -.
O ---
P .--.
Q --.-
R .-.
S ...
T -
U ..-
V ...-
W .--
X -..-
Y -.--
Z --..
1 .----
2 ..---
3 ...--
4 ....-
5 .....
6 -....
7 --...
8 ---..
9 ----.
0 -----

9. Scales for Nations

Description file, Raw data, Excel file, SPSS data file.

Title: Scales for Nations

Source: Borg and Groenen (2005)

Description: Rankings of 12 countries with respect to their economic development,
combined with their population in 1965 (in millions). The 12 countries are:

1 Brazil
2 Congo
3 Cuba
4 Egypt
5 France
6 India
7 Israel
8 Japan
9 China
10 UdSSR
11 USA
12 Yugoslavia